Something you may not know, if you don't happen to be a nurse with a taste for reading 19th century housekeeping books that are free on Kindle, is that not so very long ago being able to take care of sick people was considered a branch of housekeeping.
It was a bigger deal in the era before antibiotics, when hospitals were even more unsafe than they are now. (Yes, I'm a nurse and I just said that. It is almost always better to recover at home.)
The topic is apropo at my house at the moment. As a nurse I have a few ideas that laypeople might not have.
It's actually not like you need a lot of specialized equipment. A lot of hospital stuff is specialized in order to control the types of infections that happen when you cram 700 people into the same building, but in caring for family members you don't have to worry about, for instance, disposable staple removers. (Even if you do wind up with four people with staples that need to be removed, just boil the tool in between jobs.)
Well, there are disaster scenarios--there is a hurricane, earthquake, or other large disturbance, and the hospital is full. This happened recently in Colorado Springs because of the forest fire smoke--people with asthma overwhelmed their ER. A hospital that's full, with an exhausted/skeleton staff, running on its backup generator and only stocked with the drugs it had in the pharmacy is not where you want to be if you can help it.
There is also what you might think of as a personal disaster scenario--maybe you, like many many Americans, just can't afford to recover from pneumonia in the hospital because you don't have insurance.
Thirdly, maybe you believe it's better to avoid recovering in hospitals unless you absolutely have to have hospital-level care. This is completely reasonable, given the number of hospital-acquired infections every year. In my opinion, the hospital should be your last resort. (But please don't avoid it if you think you're having a heart attack--deal with that right away.)
Tools you might want:
These are actually fairly few and simple, although like anything else there are equipment geeks that like to have a lot of toys. Here is what I would recommend keeping in your home medical kit. Mine is a plastic dishpan:
1. A
thermometer - it's nice to have an alcohol version that you can shake down, so you don't discover the tiny watch battery inside a digital one needs to be replaced at 3am when you're worried your toddler might have febrile convulsions. Trust me on this.
Learn to take a temperature. Be aware that the standard is the oral temperature--axillary temps (that's the armpit one) run a degree lower than oral temps normally, rectal temps run a degree higher, and ear temps are so unreliable that I don't mess with them. With my kids I generally take axillary temps. If you have to report the temp to a doctor, be sure to tell him where it was taken (armpit, oral, rectal). (Note: if you get the glass thermometer, do not try to take a rectal temp with it. I shouldn't have to explain why.)
2. A stethoscope - this is optional, but I like mine for listening to the kids' lungs and reassuring myself that they don't have pneumonia.
3. A blood pressure cuff - good if you or someone in the family is on blood pressure medication; take it the same time and same way every day and write down the results.
4. A first aid manual, either
standard or
more serious depending on your circumstances.
5.
A CPR mask - actually I recommend you keep one of these in your kit, one in your car kit (yes, I have a car kit too) and one in your purse. And make time to take a Red Cross course so you know how to use this.
6.
Normal first-aid kit stuff or
more comprehensive stuff if you have the training.
7. Medicines you might want because of your location or personal issues - i.e., calamine lotion, aloe vera, antifungal medicine, psoriasis-friendly soap, diaper rash cream, tea-tree oil, etc.
Yes, I know, I have a lot of stuff in my dishpan. I like first aid kits, it's sort of a hobby with me.
Medications are a separate issue, and there's a lot to consider about them, so I'll just list the really basic things I keep in the cupboard. If you're family, you can email me and I can help you plan something more specific.
1. OTC painkillers - adult and children's Tyelenol, adult and children's ibuprofen. They have different uses, I generally reach for ibuprofen. We keep one bottle of 81 milligram aspirin in case someone has a heart attack while they are in our house or for when the dog's shoulder acts up. (Yes, you can give a dog aspirin, but just one, and not too often. NEVER give a dog tyelenol, or you will kill it.)
2. Antihistamines - liquid and pill form benadryl, mostly in case of anaphylactic emergency. Claritin for my hay fever.
3. Cold medicine - Do not ever ever use Sudafed. It isn't safe, even for young healthy people. At my house we use:
-cough drops (I like Ricola)
-Vick's Vaporub
-Steam
-
Echinacea tea
-
Emergen-C
-
Elderberry cough syrup
-Staying warm
-The occasional
mustard plaster
-Lots of fluids
4. Creams
-antibiotic (Neosporin)
-antifungal (clotrimazole)
-anti-itch (generally has benadryl in it, good for bugbites)
-aloe vera gel
Making the Sick One Comfortable
This is common sense, and a bit of thinking. The patient ought to be either in bed or in an improvised bed on a couch or a recliner. A cotton sheet, pulled smooth, is nice to have underneath them. It needs to be kept smooth--you usually need to straighten it every time the patient gets up to go to the bathroom. Make sure to change the pillowcase if it gets sweaty or dirty.
Use as many pillows as you need to, and a blanket. Let the patient stay in their jammies, but it's helpful to have a few sets of jammies. If the patient is sick for more than a day, have them take a shower, bath, or sponge bath each day and change to fresh jammies. Obviously change any pajamas that get soaked or dirty.
Brush their hair and, for ladies, tie it back.
Brush their teeth or help them brush their teeth and use mouthwash.
Change the water in their cup and keep it topped off with ice.
Put the Kleenex and a grocery sack for dirty kleenexes near them, or get them fresh hankies regularly.
You may need a
drawsheet or mattress protector. I have the one I linked to - in my opinion every household ought to have at least one. It helps if the person you're caring for is incontinent, little, or throwing up--you sometimes don't have to change the whole bed.
You may, depending, need a potty chair for kids or a
commode. If you're helping someone to a commode, learn how to do it without straining your back. If you can manage it at all, it's much, much better to use a commode than it is to use a bedpan. Most people find it a lot easier to be sitting up, and it makes infections less likely. Wash your hands, of course. Wash the patient's hands. Wash out the commode bowl.
Provide a book to read, a television if you have it, a puzzle, a stuffed animal, crosswords, or anything that will be distracting without being stressful. Being sick is uncomfortable, but it's more uncomfortable if it's boring.
Serve meals on a tray. Make them look as pretty as you can--hunting up a juice glass to put a flower in is not going too far, especially if the illness you are nursing is long-term. Keep them
light and bland, but be sure to provide calories. And of course, if the person is hungry, feed them!
Make sure there are enough blankets/shawls for the patient, and, if at all possible, open the curtains and the window for at least a bit each day. Humans need sunshine, and rooms need to be aired.
Here is the CDC's take on nursing someone who has influenza, and
another document from the North Dakota department of public health. If not everyone in the family is sick, you will want to keep the sick person in their bedroom (with a bell to ring for you) and try to maintain isolation precautions. I.e., no going in and sitting on your sick sibling's bed and sharing your teddybear/toothbrush.
Wash your hands - before handling anything for the sick person, after handling anything for the sick person, any time your hands feel dirty, before cooking, after going to the bathroom, after handling raw food, after gardening, after petting the dog, after going to the store, after going to church, after you get home from work, before taking a temperature, before administering medication...pretty much if you wonder whether you should wash, do.
That's about all there is to it - except, of course, take care of yourself, if you're the caregiver. Don't forget to eat, take your vitamins, drink your water, and take naps when you can.
Cheers,
Breanna